Research progress in carbon neutrality oriented adaptive laboratory evolution of microalgae

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096

Abstract

Abstract:

Microalgae biotechnology is one of the potential ways to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. At present, microalgae have key problems such as low carbon sequestration efficiency, low photosynthetic transformation efficiency and low content of active components. There are also some technological problems which greatly limit the pace of its industrialization. Most microalgae can not tolerate more than 2% CO₂. Besides 10-25% CO₂, there are other pollutants such as NOx and SOx in industrial flue gas. These flue gas components will inhibit the growth of microalgae. If the tolerance of algal strains are not enhanced, microalgae can not achieve the goal of stable carbon sequestration. In order to solve the problems of microalgae industrialization, wastewater resources can be used to meet the water demand in microalgae cultivation, and the economy can be improved by growing high value-added products. It is necessary to construct new algae strains by means of biotechnology such as synthetic biology, and build a new technical route of carbon reduction or negative carbon according to the characteristics of microalgae carbon sequestration and metabolism. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has made some progress in improving CO₂ fixation by microalgae, enhancing wastewater treatment and improving metabolic phenotype. Evolved algal strains resistant to high concentration of carbon dioxide and other environmental stresses have been achieved. However, the efficiency of ALE in microalgae needs to be improved, and there are few studies on the mining of synthetic biological elements based on carbon sequestration, photosynthesis and biosynthesis of active components. In order to overcome the above problems, it is urgent to change the strategy of ALE in microalgae, combined with the application of high-throughput ALE device to shorten the evolution time; Based on the existing evolved strains, the elements of tolerance genes, photosynthesis and biosynthesis of active components were deeply excavated to lay a foundation for microalgae genetic transformation; Learn from the existing experience of ALE in microorganisms, deeply understand the dynamic process of ALE in microalgae, and explore the basic law of ALE. Finally, the possible ways of laboratory adaptive evolution to meet the challenge of microalgae carbon neutrality were prospected.

Key words: microalgae, adaptive laboratory evolution, carbon neutrality, CO₂ fixation, synthesis biology

CLC Number:

Q819

Quanyu ZHAO. Research progress in carbon neutrality oriented adaptive laboratory evolution of microalgae[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-096.

Figures/Tables 4

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 2

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出发藻株	适应进化压力	接种细胞密度	总时间（天）	文献
Desmodesmus sp. MAS1, Heterochlorella sp. MAS3	pH 3.0	-	14	^[38]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	20, 60, 400 μmol/m²/s	-	-	^[39]
Coccomyxa sp.M2	pH 3.0 - 7.0	-	-	^[40]
Chlorella sp. LAMB 3, Chlorella sp. LAMB 122	40% CO₂	0.4 g/L	7	^[41]
Chlorella pyrenoidosa	1,500 – 4,750 mg/L NH₄⁺	1×10⁸ cells/mL	19	^[42]
Scenedesmus sp.	盐浓度0.5% - 2.5%	0.1 g/L	10	^[43]
	光强4.0 - 6.0 klux 温度30 – 35 ℃	0.1 g/L 0.1 g/L	10 10
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0.2 M NaCl	5×10⁵ cells/mL	2	^[35]

出发藻株	适应进化压力	接种细胞密度 (g/L)	周期	总时间（天）	文献
Chlorococcum littorale	缺氮	OD₇₅₀ = 0.5	13	134 （前8个周期，每个周期前2天正常，后面6天缺氮；后面5个周期，前2天正常，后面12天缺氮）	^[53]
Chlorella vulgaris	255 μE/(m²·s)红光	0.84	38	114	^[54]
Dunaliella salina	42 μE/(m²·s)蓝光 + 128 μE/(m²·s)红光	0.5	16	80	^[55]
Dunaliella salina	42 μE/(m²·s)蓝光 + 128 μE/(m²·s)红光 + 2.5 mol/L NaCl	-	-	-	^[56]
Tisochrysis lutea	温度波动（低温6-21 ℃, 高温26-35 ℃）	-	13	150	^[57]
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803	3% NaCl	OD₇₃₀ = 0.2	43	303	^[58]
Schizochytrium sp.	34.5 ℃	-	70	70	^[58]
Chlamydomonas sp.	5% 或7% 海盐	0.02	-	84	^[48]
Isochrysis galbana Parke	100 mg/L 或200 mg/L苯酚	5×10⁵ cells/mL	30	90	^[59]
Crypthecodinium cohnii	9-54 g/L 葡萄糖	OD₄₇₀ = 0.1	260	650	^[45]
藻菌共培养	20% (v/v)渗滤液	-	21天一个周期	24个月	^[60]
C． reinhardtii	0.2 mol/L NaCl	5×10⁵ cells/mL	2-3天一个周期	17个月	^[35]
Schizochytrium sp.	30 g/L NaCl	-	150	150	^[61]
Schizochytrium sp.	4 ℃, 30 g/L NaCl	-	30	90	^[62]
Schizochytrium sp.	230 r/min	-	40	40	^[63]
Phaeodactylum tricornutum	50%～90% 盐度	1×10⁶cells/mL	35	252	^[32]