基因组设计与合成：从复写到理性设计

汪君仪, 武晓乐, 曹月阳, 李炳志

Genome design and synthesis: from replication to rational design

WANG Junyi, WU Xiaole, CAO Yueyang, LI Bingzhi

图2 基因组简化的研究进展[19,50-51] [(a)利用Tn5转座子的衍生物将大肠杆菌K-12的基因组缩减200 kb[50]；(b)利用LATOUR删除法将粟酒裂殖酵母基因组缩减657.3 kb[51]；(c)利用全基因组设计和化学合成的方法简化支原体JCVI-syn1.0(1079 kb)，通过设计、合成、测试三个步骤的循环，保留了必需基因和准必需基因，得到支原体JCVI-syn3.0（531 kb,473个基因）[19]]

Fig. 2 Advances in genome simplification[19,50-51] [(a) Simplification of the E. coli K-12 genome. The deletion procedure has reduced the genome at an average of 200 kb by using specialized transposons (Tn5 derivatives) to create deletions in the E. coli K-12 chromosome[50]. (b) Simplification of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. Researchers have reduced the genome of S. pombe by 657.3 kb using a large-scale gene deletion method called LATOUR[51]. (c) Simplification and chemical synthesis of M. mycoides genome. Using whole-genome design and complete chemical synthesis, researchers have minimized the 1079-kilobase pair synthetic genome of M. mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. Three cycles of design, synthesis, and testing, with the retention of essential and quasi-essential genes, produced JCVI-syn3.0 (531 kilobase pairs, 473 genes)[19]]