合成生物学 ›› 2023, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (4): 703-719.doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-054
马孟丹1,2,3, 尚梦宇1,2,4, 刘宇辰1,2
收稿日期:
2022-09-30
修回日期:
2023-02-01
出版日期:
2023-08-31
发布日期:
2023-09-14
通讯作者:
刘宇辰
作者简介:
基金资助:
Mengdan MA1,2,3, Mengyu SHANG1,2,4, Yuchen LIU1,2
Received:
2022-09-30
Revised:
2023-02-01
Online:
2023-08-31
Published:
2023-09-14
Contact:
Yuchen LIU
摘要:
RNA引导的CRISPR-Cas核酸酶系统最初作为适应性免疫系统的一部分在细菌中被发现,其修改或修饰遗传成分的能力已经带来了各种实际应用,如碱基编辑、转录调控和表观遗传修饰等。由于CRISPR-Cas基因编辑工具不仅功能强大,而且具有特异性强、效率高等特点,可以准确、快速地对整个基因组进行筛选,便于对特定疾病进行基因治疗,已被广泛应用于人类疾病治疗的相关研究。在肿瘤研究领域,CRISPR-Cas系统可以用来编辑基因组,探索肿瘤发生、发展和转移的机制。文章阐述了CRISPR-Cas9系统作为癌症研究工具所取得的进展;总结了该技术在癌症基础研究、诊断和治疗中的应用现状;讨论了这一技术在肿瘤研究新热点领域和临床医学精准医疗方面的发展前景,并指出了其面临的技术挑战和未来的发展方向。
中图分类号:
马孟丹, 尚梦宇, 刘宇辰. CRISPR-Cas9系统在肿瘤生物学中的应用及前景[J]. 合成生物学, 2023, 4(4): 703-719, doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-054.
Mengdan MA, Mengyu SHANG, Yuchen LIU. Application and prospect of CRISPR-Cas9 system in tumor biology[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2023, 4(4): 703-719, doi: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-054.
图3
与门微型基因线路的设计与构建[51]UPⅡ启动子驱动了Cas9 mRNA的转录,而TERT启动子被用来促进以LacI为目标的sgRNA的转录。输出的Renilla荧光素酶基因由LacI控制的CMV启动子调节。仅在UPⅡ启动子和TERT启动子都被激活时,荧光素酶基因才被表达。在迷你基因线路的设计中,UPⅡ和hTERT启动子被各自的转录因子结合元件所取代,c-Myc和Get1仅在膀胱癌细胞中同时有较高的表达水平。sgRNA1和sgRNA2初始表达后,进一步结合自身转录起始位点上游,通过正反馈机制扩增c-Myc和Get1的转录信号,分别扩增其下游基因的转录,此外,LacI基因被sgRNA2敲除,荧光素酶报告基因被转录激活。而在正常膀胱上皮细胞中,荧光素酶不能有效转录,并被背景水平表达的微量LacI进一步沉默
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