关键词: CRISPR相关蛋白, CRISPR-Cas衍生工具, 谱系追踪, 癌症诊断, 肿瘤治疗, 筛选药物靶点

Abstract:

The RNA-directed CRISPR-Cas nuclease system was first discovered in bacteria as part of the adaptive immune system, and its ability to modify genetic components has led to a variety of practical applications, such as base editing, insertion or deletion of long segments, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modification. Because CRISPR-Cas gene editing tool is not only powerful, but also highly specific and efficient, it can accurately and rapidly screen the whole genome and facilitate gene therapy for specific diseases, so that it has been widely used in related research on the treatment of human diseases. The occurrence of tumor is the result of malignant degeneration of normal cells caused by the combined action of multiple factors, multiple stages and multiple mechanisms. CRISPR-Cas gene editing technology can accurately change genetic information at the DNA level and simulate the corresponding malignant characteristics of cells caused by the change of genetic information, thus becoming a molecular mechanism to explore the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumors. To investigate signaling pathways related to drug resistance in tumors and develop potential approaches to gene and cell therapy for tumor therapy. From early acquisition of oncogene mutations to metastatic colonization of distant tissues and the development of drug resistance, this continuous process leaves clear phylogenetic signatures at each step. Mapping detailed cancer cell lineages using the CRISPR gene-editing tool can reveal the dynamic processes behind the development and progression of cancer metastases, which will help track tumor development patterns. Despite its rapid development, CRISPR-Cas system still has limitations in its delivery efficiency, safety, and off-target effects in tumor therapy. The progress of CRISPR-Cas9 as a cancer research tool is reviewed. The research progress of this technique in establishing tumor model, studying the mechanism of tumor development, diagnosis, treatment and lineage tracking of tumor development was summarized. The development prospects of this technology in the new hot areas of cancer research and precision medicine in clinical medicine were discussed, and the technical challenges and future development directions were pointed out. {L-End}

Key words: CRISPR-associated protein, CRISPR-Cas derivatives, lineage tracking, cancer diagnosis, tumor therapy, screening drug targets