维生素E的“前世”和“今生”

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-022

合成生物学 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (2): 174-186.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-022

维生素E的“前世”和“今生”

马田¹, 邓子新^2,³, 刘天罡²

^1.中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院，合成生物学研究所，广东深圳 518055
^2.武汉大学药学院，组合生物合成与新药发现教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430071
^3.上海交通大学生命科学技术学院，微生物代谢国家重点实验室，上海 200030

收稿日期:2020-03-13 修回日期:2020-04-03 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-08-04
作者简介:马田（1990—），女，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为代谢工程、合成生物学。E-mail：tian.ma@siat.ac.cn|刘天罡（1979—），男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为代谢工程、合成生物学。E-mail：liutg@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项(2018YFA0900400);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31901025)

The past and present of vitamin E

Tian MA¹, Zixin DENG^2,³, Tiangang LIU²

^1.Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

Received:2020-03-13 Revised:2020-04-03 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

维生素E作为人和动物体必需且最主要的抗氧化剂之一，功效广泛，可用作维持机体正常功能，提高机体生育能力、免疫能力等，在医药、饲料等领域中占有重要地位。维生素E是我国的民生基础产业产品，也是国际市场上用途非常广泛、产销量极大的三大维生素支柱产品之一，市场前景广阔。自1938年维生素E被成功合成以来，维生素E的合成技术经历了80多年的历史，随着技术的发展逐渐形成了目前比较稳定的市场格局。本文总结了维生素E合成技术一路的发展，主要包括天然提取、化学全合成、生物全合成，以及生物-化学合成等，着重介绍了主流的化学全合成技术，以及新兴产业技术——合成生物技术引领的生物-化学合成技术。回顾了维生素E的发展历史并对未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 维生素E, 三甲基氢醌, 异植物醇, 法尼烯, 合成生物技术

Abstract:

Vitamin E, as one of the most important antioxidants in biological systems, has a variety of biological functions. For example, it can maintain normal metabolism and improve the fertility and immunity of humans and animals. It occupies an important position in the fields of medicine and feed. It is a basic supplemental product for people in China and also one of the three major vitamin products with big production volume and sale in the international market. Since it was developed in 1938, the synthesis technology of vitamin E has experienced a history of more than 80 years. With technological innovations, a relatively stable market has gradually formed for vitamin E. Here, we summarized the development of vitamin E synthesis technology, including extraction from natural resources and synthesis with chemical, biological and biochemical routes. The technologies of chemical and biochemical synthesis as the most competitive processes are introduced in details. The history of vitamin E is reviewed and the future development of vitamin E is prospected.

Key words: vitamin E, trimethylnaphthalene, isophytol, farnesene, synthetic biology

中图分类号:

Q814

马田, 邓子新, 刘天罡. 维生素E的“前世”和“今生”[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(2): 174-186.

Tian MA, Zixin DENG, Tiangang LIU. The past and present of vitamin E[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(2): 174-186.

图/表 8

图1 维生素E的结构

Fig. 1 The structure of vitamin E

图2 三甲基氢醌与异植物醇一步缩合生成维生素E

Fig. 2 One step condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol to produce vitamin E

图3 三甲基氢醌的主要合成工艺

Fig. 3 The main synthesis technology of trimethylhydroquinone

图4 异植物醇的主要合成工艺

Fig. 4 The major synthesis technology of isophytol

图5 维生素E的生物合成

Fig. 5 The biosynthesis of vitamin E

图6 生物-化学法以生物基法尼烯合成维生素E合成关键中间体异植物醇

Fig. 6 Biochemical synthesis of biobased farnesene, a key intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E

图7 定向代谢合成指导的大肠杆菌高效合成法尼烯

Fig. 7 Engineering E. coli to overproduce farnesene by the Targeted Metabolic Engineering system

图8 以法尼烯为前体的3步合成反应和以芳樟醇和二氢芳樟醇或柠檬醛为前体的7步合成反应比较

Fig. 8 Comparison of the production of vitamin E through the 3-step synthesis using farnesene as precursor with 7-step synthesis from linalool and dihydrolinalool or citral

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维生素E的“前世”和“今生”

The past and present of vitamin E

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