植物合成生物学研究进展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-016

合成生物学 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (2): 121-140.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-016

植物合成生物学研究进展

张博¹, 马永硕^2,³, 尚轶¹, 黄三文²

^1.云南师范大学马铃薯科学研究院, 云南省马铃薯生物学重点实验室，云南昆明 650500
^2.中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所，农业部基因组分析重点实验室，广东省岭南现代农业实验室，广东深圳 518120
^3.麻省理工学院化学工程系，马萨诸塞州剑桥市，02139

收稿日期:2020-03-04 修回日期:2020-04-09 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-08-04
通讯作者: 黄三文
作者简介:张博（1992—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为作物营养与风味品质。E-mail：zhangbo_solab@163.com|尚轶（1982—），男，研究员，研究方向为植物次生代谢。E-mail：shangyi@ynnu.edu.cn|黄三文（1971—），男，研究员，研究方向为功能基因组。E-mail：huangsanwen@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项;合成植物天然产物的微生物细胞工厂构建及其应用示范项目(2018YFA0901800);云南师范大学研究生科研创新基金项目(ysdyjs2019170)

Recent advances in plant synthetic biology

Bo ZHANG¹, Yongshuo MA^2,³, Yi SHANG¹, Sanwen HUANG²

^1.Key Laboratory for Potato Biology of Yunnan Province, The CAAS-YNNU-YINMORE Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500，Yunnan，China
^2.Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong，China
^3.Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA

Received:2020-03-04 Revised:2020-04-09 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-08-04
Contact: Sanwen HUANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成生物学是汇聚了工程学和生物学的新兴交叉学科，近年来逐步在植物研究领域中显现其重要作用。利用合成生物学技术不仅可以对作物的产量及营养品质性状进行精准的改良和优化，还有望将植物改造成高价值的植物天然产物生产工厂满足人们更多的需求。本文从DNA合成与组装、植物基因编辑技术、核和质体遗传转化体系以及染色体工程等方面介绍了在植物中广泛应用的合成生物学技术。阐述了利用合成生物学开展多样化生物传感器设计、作物产量优化、营养品质强化、植物天然产物与蛋白高效合成等方面的最新研究进展。最后讨论了目前植物合成生物学所面临的问题以及今后的发展趋势。相信经过新一轮的快速发展，植物合成生物学将在未来农作物育种中发挥越来越重要的作用。

关键词: 植物合成生物学, 基因编辑, 遗传转化, 代谢工程, 生物强化, 生物传感器, 生物元件, 基因回路

Abstract:

Synthetic biology is a new interdisciplinary field that combines engineering and biology. With an initial focus on microbial systems, it is now increasingly developed for plants. Plant synthetic biology has been applied to design crops for improved yield and nutritional value. It is also possible to transform plants into living factories for producing high-value natural products. In this review, we first summarize the definition of plant synthetic biology and introduce emerging technologies, including DNA synthesis and assembly, genome editing, genetic transformation targeting nucleus and plastid, and chromosome engineering. We then discuss recent applications in biosensor design, yield and nutrition improvement, and natural product and protein biosynthesis. We conclude with the current challenges and future perspective of this field. We envision plant synthetic biology will revolutionize crop breeding.

Key words: plant synthetic biology, gene editing, genetic transformation, metabolic engineering, biofortification, biosensors, biological parts, genetic circuits

中图分类号:

张博, 马永硕, 尚轶, 黄三文. 植物合成生物学研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(2): 121-140.

Bo ZHANG, Yongshuo MA, Yi SHANG, Sanwen HUANG. Recent advances in plant synthetic biology[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(2): 121-140.

图/表 2

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植物合成生物学研究进展

Recent advances in plant synthetic biology

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