Research on the equipment, process, and commercialization progress of syngas fermentation

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-001

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of the increasingly severe global climate warming, exploring and implementing effective carbon reduction strategies has become an urgent priority to address this global challenge. Syngas fermentation, as a green low-carbon technology that reduces greenhouse gas emissions, recycles industrial waste gas, and produces renewable fuels and chemicals, plays an important role in global climate mitigation and the transition to a circular economy. Industrial strains are considered the "chips" of fermentation, and in the process of transforming and implementing syngas fermentation technology, the development of new equipment and new processes is equally important. Firstly, this article reviews the research progress on important equipment in the fields of strain development and industrial application of syngas fermentation. It summarizes the latest advancements in high-throughput cultivation and screening of anaerobic microorganisms in syngas atmosphere. The application of this technology will accelerate the optimization and iteration of industrial strains for syngas fermentation, providing better-performing industrial strains for commercial application. Then, the review outlines the research progress of various types of reactors currently used for syngas fermentation, including stirred tank reactors, bubble column reactors, gas-lift reactors, trickle bed reactors, and hollow fiber membrane reactors, and discusses the potential and challenges of each type of reactor in industrial production. Among these reactors, the gas-lift reactor, due to its low energy consumption, simple structure, and good economic benefits, has been widely used in the commercial application of syngas fermentation. Secondly, the review summarizes the development and challenges faced by the integrated syngas fermentation technology, including raw gas purification, gas fermentation, and product separation and extraction processes. After an in-depth discussion of the development trajectory of commercialization projects for syngas fermentation, the review points out that the promotion of syngas fermentation not only require technological breakthroughs but also meticulous engineering management, forward-looking commercial planning, and strong policy support, all of which are core to advancing the technology from the laboratory to the market.

Key words: syngas fermentation, high-throughput approaches, reactor, process integration, commercialization

摘要：

在全球气候变暖日益加剧的背景下，探索并实施有效的碳减排策略，已成为应对这一全球性挑战的当务之急。合成气发酵技术作为一种减少温室气体排放、回收工业尾气并生产可再生燃料和化学品的绿色低碳技术，在全球气候缓解和循环经济转型中发挥着重要作用。工业菌种被认为是生物发酵的“芯片”，而在合成气发酵技术转化落地过程中，新装备、新工艺的开发同样重要。本文综述了在合成气发酵领域菌种端和工业应用端重要装备的研究进展，总结了包括原料气净化处理、气体发酵、产物分离提取等工艺在内的全流程合成气发酵集成技术的发展和面临的挑战，系统梳理了合成气发酵商业化项目的发展脉络，指出技术的工程转化与推广不仅要求技术上的革新突破，更需要前瞻的商业布局以及政策的支持，为合成气发酵技术的发展和商业化项目复制推广提供重要参考。

关键词: 合成气发酵, 高通量技术, 反应器, 工艺集成, 商业化

CLC Number:

Q815

Xue BAI, Nan LIANG, Xinqi LI, Zhipeng MO, Shuhuan TONG, Meiqi YUE, Xiaojing JIA, Kang REN, Xiaojie XI, Wei CHAO. Research on the equipment, process, and commercialization progress of syngas fermentation[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-001.

白雪, 梁楠, 李欣启, 莫志朋, 佟淑环, 岳美琪, 贾晓静, 任康, 息晓杰, 晁伟. 合成气发酵装备、工艺及商业化进展研究[J]. 合成生物学, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-001.

Figures/Tables 7

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反应器类型	菌种	底物	K_La（h^-1）	产物（g/L）
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇 1.17 丁醇0.56^[57]
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙醇 1.3 丁醇 0.5^[58]
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇 1.15 丁醇 0.74^[59]
鼓泡塔反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇0.16 wt% 乙酸0.03 wt% 丁醇0.11 wt%^[53]
鼓泡塔反应器	M. thermoacetica	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙酸 32.3^[60]
气升式反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	23.8-153.6（CO） 19.0-122.2（H₂）	乙醇 1.5丁醇 0.5^[59]
膜反应器	Clostridium ragsdale	CO	未报道	乙醇 1.4 乙酸 0.2^[61]
中空纤维膜反应器	Eubacterium limosum	CO	63.72-135.72（CO）	乙酸 1.8^[62]
中空纤维膜反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	400-1096.2（CO）	乙醇 23.93^[63]
滴流床反应器	C. ragsdalei	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙醇 13.2 ^[64]
单片生物膜反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	50-450（CO）	乙醇 4.89 乙酸 2.35^[65]
水平旋转填充床反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	10-70（CO）	乙醇 7.0^[66]

反应器类型	菌种	底物	K_La（h^-1）	产物（g/L）
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇 1.17 丁醇0.56^[57]
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙醇 1.3 丁醇 0.5^[58]
连续搅拌反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇 1.15 丁醇 0.74^[59]
鼓泡塔反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	未报道	乙醇0.16 wt% 乙酸0.03 wt% 丁醇0.11 wt%^[53]
鼓泡塔反应器	M. thermoacetica	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙酸 32.3^[60]
气升式反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂	23.8-153.6（CO） 19.0-122.2（H₂）	乙醇 1.5丁醇 0.5^[59]
膜反应器	Clostridium ragsdale	CO	未报道	乙醇 1.4 乙酸 0.2^[61]
中空纤维膜反应器	Eubacterium limosum	CO	63.72-135.72（CO）	乙酸 1.8^[62]
中空纤维膜反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	400-1096.2（CO）	乙醇 23.93^[63]
滴流床反应器	C. ragsdalei	CO，CO₂，H₂	未报道	乙醇 13.2 ^[64]
单片生物膜反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	50-450（CO）	乙醇 4.89 乙酸 2.35^[65]
水平旋转填充床反应器	C. carboxidivorans	CO，CO₂，H₂	10-70（CO）	乙醇 7.0^[66]

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