关键词: 非生物元件, 合成生物杂合体系, 协同增效, 生物制造, 生物医药

Abstract:

The integration of non-biological components into living systems represents a pivotal advance in synthetic biology. This approach facilitates the creation of synthetic bio-hybrid systems effectively overcoming inherent limitations of natural biological systems. By leveraging the synergistic enhancement and superior functionalities derived from both biological and non-biological constituents, these hybrid systems exhibit immense potential across diverse applications, including bio-manufacturing, precise diagnostics, and biomedicine, establishing them as a cutting-edge frontier. However, despite the vast functional diversity of non-biological components, current bio-hybrid systems often present functional singularity, and their underlying synergistic mechanisms remain insufficiently elucidated. These limitations hinder their broader adoption and sophisticated applications. To address these challenges, this review systematically summarizes recent advancements in non-biological component-enhanced synthetic bio-hybrid systems. We categorize these systems based on the nature of the non-biological components (e.g., nanomaterials, polymers, semiconductors) and their integration strategies with diverse biological entities (e.g., enzymes, nucleic acids, cells). Through in-depth analysis of representative studies, we elucidate construction methodologies, functional realization pathways, and performance characteristics across various hybrid configurations. A central focus is to critically identify existing limitations, particularly concerning functional modularity, fine-tuned control, and the comprehensive elucidation of complex underlying mechanisms. We also explore strategies to overcome these challenges, emphasizing rational design and advanced characterization. Looking ahead, we present a forward-looking perspective on the future trajectory of this burgeoning field. Key areas for advancement include multi-platform integration, combining various non-biological components with multiple biological parts for highly sophisticated systems. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of advanced engineering design and high-throughput screening to accelerate discovery and optimization. The refinement of precise spatiotemporal regulation is crucial for controlling complex assemblies. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning for rational design promises to revolutionize development. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource, providing critical insights and inspiring further research into the design, construction, and application of non-biological component-enhanced synthetic bio-hybrid systems, therefore paving the way for groundbreaking innovations in healthcare and biotechnology. {L-End}

Key words: non-biopart, synthetic biological hybrid systems, synergistic enhancement, biomanufacturing, biopharmaceutics