酶促4+2和2+2环加成反应：区域与立体选择性的理解与应用

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2023-081

合成生物学 ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3): 401-407.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-081

酶促4+2和2+2环加成反应：区域与立体选择性的理解与应用

汤志军¹, 胡友财², 刘文¹

^1.中国科学院上海有机化学研究所，生命过程小分子调控全国重点实验室，上海 200032
^2.中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院药物研究所，天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室，北京 100050

收稿日期:2023-11-20 修回日期:2023-12-11 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-12
通讯作者: 胡友财,刘文
作者简介:汤志军（1990—），男，副研究员。研究方向为复杂天然天然产物的发现、生物合成，蛋白质定向进化与生物催化。E-mail：tangzj@sioc.ac.cn
胡友财（1978—），男，研究员，博士生导师，中国医学科学院药物研究所天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室副主任。研究方向为药用天然产物生物合成与新药创制。E-mail：huyoucai@imm.ac.cn
刘文（1971—），男，教授，博士生导师，中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副所长。研究方向为复杂天然产物的生物合成（遗传学、生物化学和化学），以产量提高和结构多样性为目的组合生物合成，以基因组扫描为手段的新型天然产物发现。E-mail：wliu@sioc.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32030002)

Enzymatic （4+2）- and （2+2）-cycloaddition reactions: fundamentals and applications of regio- and stereoselectivity

Zhijun TANG¹, Youcai HU², Wen LIU¹

^1.State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology，Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shanghai 200032，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines，Institute of Materia Medica，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Beijing 100050，China

Received:2023-11-20 Revised:2023-12-11 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-12
Contact: Youcai HU, Wen LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

4+2和2+2环加成反应均是构筑环结构的重要有机化学反应，在复杂天然产物、手性药物的化学合成和生物合成方面有广泛的应用。发现、发展包括4+2和2+2在内的酶促环加成反应，是当前化学生物学研究的热点之一。近期，国际、国内研究团队相继报道了多个酶促4+2和2+2环加成反应，解析了环化酶的蛋白结构和催化机制，设计了新的环化酶，或通过定向进化实现了不同类型环加成反应的区域和立体选择性调控。相关研究为采用合成生物学的策略设计和优化新型环加成酶提供了理论基础和成功范例，有利于促进酶促反应在有机合成领域的应用。

关键词: 4+2环加成反应, 2+2环加成反应, 化学合成和生物合成, 环化酶, 定向进化

Abstract:

The (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions are important chemical reactions for constructing ring structures, with broad applications in the chemical synthesis and biosynthesis of complex natural products and chiral drugs. The discovery and development of enzymatic cycloaddition reactions, including both (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions, are currently hot topics in the field of chemical biology. Recently, several international and domestic research groups have successively reported multiple enzymatic (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloadditions, revealing related protein structures and enzymatic mechanisms, designing new artificial cyclases, and developed different types of regio- and selective cycloaddition reactions through protein engineering. These studies provide a theoretical basis and successful examples for the design and optimization of novel cyclases using synthetic biology strategy, and will promote applications of the enzymatic reactions in organic synthesis.

Key words: (4+2)-cycloaddition reactions, (2+2)-cycloaddition reactions, chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, cyclases, directed evolution

中图分类号:

Q816

汤志军, 胡友财, 刘文. 酶促4+2和2+2环加成反应：区域与立体选择性的理解与应用[J]. 合成生物学, 2024, 5(3): 401-407.

Zhijun TANG, Youcai HU, Wen LIU. Enzymatic （4+2）- and （2+2）-cycloaddition reactions: fundamentals and applications of regio- and stereoselectivity[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2024, 5(3): 401-407.

图/表 4

图1 CtdP催化的氧化还原过程介导的氮杂4+2环加成反应

Fig. 1 CtdP-catalyzed redox-mediated azi-(4+2)-cycloaddition reaction

图2 EupfF和PycR1催化的分子间串联4+2环加成反应

Fig. 2 EupfF and PycR1-catalyzed intermolecular tandem (4+2)-cycloaddition reactions

图3 人工光酶催化的2+2环加成反应

Fig. 3 Artificial photoenzyme-catalyzed (2+2)-cycloaddition reactions

图4 PloI4催化的4+2和2+2环加成反应

Fig. 4 PloI4-catalyzed (4+2)- and (2+2)-cycloaddition reactions

参考文献 22

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酶促4+2和2+2环加成反应：区域与立体选择性的理解与应用

Enzymatic （4+2）- and （2+2）-cycloaddition reactions: fundamentals and applications of regio- and stereoselectivity

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