合成生物学 ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3): 672-693.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2023-097

• 特约评述 • 上一篇    

CRISPR/Cas基因编辑及其新兴技术在丝状真菌研究中的系统应用

陈盈盈1, 刘扬1, 史俊杰1, 马俊英1, 鞠建华1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省海洋药物重点实验室,广东 广州 510301
    2.山东大学药学院,天然产物化学生物学教育部重点实验室,山东省基础科学研究中心(药学),山东省高等学校药物化学生物学重点实验室,山东 济南 250012
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01 修回日期:2024-03-08 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 马俊英,鞠建华
  • 作者简介:陈盈盈(1986─),女,博士, 副研究员。研究方向为真菌次级代谢产物生物合成和代谢调控。E-mail:yychen@scsio.ac.cn
    马俊英(1980─),女,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向为结构新颖、活性显著的海洋微生物活性次级代谢产物的生物合成。E-mail:majunying@scsio.ac.cn
    鞠建华(1972─),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向为微生物活性次级代谢产物的发现、生物合成和抗感染、抗肿瘤创新药物研发。E-mail:jju@sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(22037006);广东省自然科学基金(20023A1515011840);广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B111103005);广东省本土创新创业团队项目(2019BT02Y262)

CRISPR/Cas systems and their applications in gene editing with filamentous fungi

Yingying CHEN1, Yang LIU1, Junjie SHI1, Junying MA1, Jianhua JU1,2   

  1. 1.CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,Guangdong,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education),Shandong Basic Science Research Center (Pharmacy),Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Shandong),School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Shandong University,Ji’nan 250012,Shandong,China
  • Received:2023-12-01 Revised:2024-03-08 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-12
  • Contact: Junying MA, Jianhua JU

摘要:

丝状真菌(filamentous fungi)具有独特的形态和细胞构造,与人类健康和工农业生产息息相关,对这类生物资源的开发和利用高度依赖高效的基因编辑平台。然而,由于丝状真菌复杂多样的遗传背景,使用传统的基因编辑技术较难实现大范围的基因编辑,极大地妨碍了丝状真菌的遗传学研究。CRISPR/Cas(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein)技术的出现,打破了这一困境,促进了不同种属和不同来源的丝状真菌的基因编辑,为丝状真菌的基础和应用研究带来了革命性的突破。本文简述了CRISPR/Cas系统的作用机理、分类及基于CRISPR的各种新型技术,归纳总结了丝状真菌中现有的CRISPR/Cas9系统功能组分、多种新兴CRISPR/Cas技术在丝状真菌中的应用现状以及海洋真菌中的CRISPR/Cas技术的应用情况。最后,对CRISPR/Cas系统在丝状真菌中应用进展缓慢、编辑效率低和脱靶效应等问题以及针对这些问题的潜在解决方法进行总结和展望,以期为不同类型的丝状真菌基因编辑平台的构建提供参考。

关键词: 丝状真菌, 海洋真菌, CRISPR/Cas, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Filamentous fungi, which present distinct morphology and cell structure, play a critical role in human health as well as industrial and agricultural production. However, the unique characteristics of filamentous fungi make them difficult to be manipulated with traditional genetic engineering methods. Thus, the development of an efficient gene editing system is essential for exploring biological resources and understanding metabolic processes in filamentous fungi. The development of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system promotes more efficient and effective gene editing in different species, and brings a revolutionary breakthrough in fungal fundamental research and applications. In this review, we first briefly introduce the history, working mechanism, and classifications of the CRISPR/Cas mediated gene editing system. Next, we comment the functional components of CRISPR/Cas9 such as selective marker, Cas9 and gRNA and the delivery methods of these components in various filamentous fungi. Furthermore, we systematically discuss the applications of CRISPR related technologies, including CRISPR/Cas12, base-editor, CRISPRa, CRISPRi and CRISPR mediated epigenetic regulation, in the genetic engineering of filamentous fungi, particularly in marine-derived filamentous fungi. Finally, we address challenges with relative low gene editing efficiency and off-targets effects in engineering filamentous fungi, and highlight the potential solutions for developing novel CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing systems. This review can provide guidance for developing an efficient gene editing platform in filamentous fungi and pave the way for further exploration of the secondary metabolites and establishment of robust fungal cell factories.

Key words: filamentous fungi, marine-derived fungi, CRISPR/Cas systems, gene editing

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