防晒化合物类菌孢素氨基酸的生物合成

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-063

合成生物学 ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 306-319.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-063

防晒化合物类菌孢素氨基酸的生物合成

张萍¹^,²^,³, 张维娇¹^,²^,³, 胥睿睿¹^,²^,³, 李江华²^,³, 陈坚²^,³, 康振¹^,²^,³

^1.江南大学生物工程学院，糖化学与生物技术教育部重点实验室，江苏无锡 214122
^2.江南大学未来食品科学中心，江苏无锡 214122
^3.江南大学生物工程学院，工业生物技术教育部重点实验室，江苏无锡 214122

收稿日期:2024-08-16 修回日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-04-30 发布日期:2025-05-20
通讯作者: 康振
作者简介:张萍（1996—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为天然产物的微生物合成。E-mail：7220201030@stu.jiangnan.edu.cn
康振（1982—），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为微生物合成生物学与生物制造。E-mail：zkang@jiangnan.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32370066);江苏省合成生物基础研究中心资助项目(BK20233003)

Research advances on the biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids

ZHANG Ping¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Weijiao¹^,²^,³, XU Ruirui¹^,²^,³, LI Jianghua²^,³, CHEN Jian²^,³, KANG Zhen¹^,²^,³

^1.Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology，Ministry of Education，School of Biotechnology，Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122，Jiangsu，China
^2.Science Center for Future Foods，Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122，Jiangsu，China
^3.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology，Ministry of Education，School of Biotechnology，Jiangnan University，Wuxi 214122，Jiangsu，China

Received:2024-08-16 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-04-30 Published:2025-05-20
Contact: KANG Zhen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

类菌孢素氨基酸（mycosporine-like amino acid，MAA）是一类由水生生物产生的小分子化合物，具有抵御紫外线辐射的功能，近年来作为环保型防晒剂在化妆品领域得到了广泛关注。然而，MAA在生物体中的低积累量、复杂的提取工艺和极低的得率限制了其应用前景。利用合成生物技术，在微生物细胞中重构MAA合成路径，有望实现MAA的规模化生产，为解决MAA供应不足问题提供有效策略。本文系统总结了目前MAA生物合成的研究进展，涵盖了结构多样性分析、生物合成途径解析、底盘细胞构建等方面。重点关注了近期MAA的微生物从头生物合成研究进展，探讨了目前MAA生物合成研究面临的挑战，包括前体含量少、关键酶催化效率低等问题。最后，展望了MAA微生物合成的未来发展方向，如转运蛋白的改造、关键酶的解析等，旨在推动MAA的绿色、高效生物合成。

关键词: 类菌孢素氨基酸, 防晒化合物, 代谢调控, 细胞工厂, 合成生物学

Abstract:

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), a class of natural sunproof molecules, have attracted intensive attention because of their potent ultraviolet (UV) -absorbing capabilities and potential applications in the cosmetics industry. However, the complicated extraction process and low yield restrict their applications. To address challenges with the supply of MAAs, reconstructing the biosynthesis pathway for their production in microbial cells with synthetic biology techniques provides an effective strategy. This article systematically reviews current progress in the biosynthesis of MAAs, covering a range of critical aspects, including the analysis of structural diversity, which is essential for understanding the functional properties of different MAAs. Additionally, the article delves into the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, providing insights into the biochemical steps and enzymes involved in the production of MAAs. Furthermore, this review explores the construction of chassis cells in the biosynthesis of MAAs, including the integration of heterologous genes and the optimization of metabolic pathways, highlighting the importance of selecting and engineering suitable microbial hosts to optimize MAAs biosynthesis. The review provides a forward-looking perspective on microbial synthesis of MAAs, with a focus on driving innovation in green and efficient biomanufacturing of these high-value compounds. Meanwhile, the article also discusses the current key challenges in MAAs biosynthesis research, including low precursor content, insufficient enzyme catalytic activity, and difficulties in accurate product identification, which collectively hinder the industrial development of MAAs. Breaking through these technical bottlenecks is expected to enable the development of sustainable and economically viable approaches for the large-scale production of MAAs. This review introduces the current status of research on MAAs synthesized by microbial cells from multiple perspectives and makes a prospective analysis of future development trends, aiming to provide a reference and guidance for research on microbial synthesis of MAAs. Biosynthesis technology shows promise in replacing traditional extraction methods, potentially revolutionizing the production mode of MAAs fundamentally. This innovative production approach will not only satisfy the growing demand for MAAs in the cosmetics industry, but will also significantly improve the accessibility and usage of MAAs in multiple fields.

Key words: mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), sunscreen compounds, metabolic regulation, cell factories, synthetic biology

中图分类号:

Q815

张萍, 张维娇, 胥睿睿, 李江华, 陈坚, 康振. 防晒化合物类菌孢素氨基酸的生物合成[J]. 合成生物学, 2025, 6(2): 306-319.

ZHANG Ping, ZHANG Weijiao, XU Ruirui, LI Jianghua, CHEN Jian, KANG Zhen. Research advances on the biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2025, 6(2): 306-319.

图/表 4

参考文献 81

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菌株	基因	产物	参考文献
Nostoc linkia NIES-25	NIES25_64130-mysA	mycosporine-glycine	[56]
	NIES25_64140-mysB	palythine-serine
	NIES25_64150-mysC	shinorine and porphyra-334
	NIES25_64160-mysD
	NIES25_64110-mysH
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413	Ava_3858-DDGS	shinorine	[57]
	Ava_3857-O-MT
	Ava_3856-ATP-grasp
	Ava_3855-NRPS
Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC7417	mysA	mycosporine-ornithine	[43]
	mysB	mycosporine-lysine
	mysC2
	mysC3
	mysD
Scytonema cf.crispum UCFS10	UCFS10_04336	mycosporine-glycine	[58]
	UCFS10_04337	shinorine
	UCFS10_04338
	UCFS10_04339
N. flagelliforme CCNUN1	mysA	mycosporine-2-(4-deoxygadusolyl-ornithine) (M-2DO)	[43]
	mysB
	mysC2
	mysC3
	mysD
Aphanothece halophytica	Ap3858-DDGS	mycosporine-2-glycine	[59]
	Ap3857-O-MT
	Ap3855-ATP-grasp
	Ap3856-CNligase
N. punctiforme ATCC 29133	NpR5600-mysA	mycosporine-2-glycine	[60]
	NpR5599-mysB	shinorine and porphyra-334
	NpR5598-mysC
	NpR5597-mysD

菌株	基因	产物	参考文献
Nostoc linkia NIES-25	NIES25_64130-mysA	mycosporine-glycine	[56]
	NIES25_64140-mysB	palythine-serine
	NIES25_64150-mysC	shinorine and porphyra-334
	NIES25_64160-mysD
	NIES25_64110-mysH
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413	Ava_3858-DDGS	shinorine	[57]
	Ava_3857-O-MT
	Ava_3856-ATP-grasp
	Ava_3855-NRPS
Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC7417	mysA	mycosporine-ornithine	[43]
	mysB	mycosporine-lysine
	mysC2
	mysC3
	mysD
Scytonema cf.crispum UCFS10	UCFS10_04336	mycosporine-glycine	[58]
	UCFS10_04337	shinorine
	UCFS10_04338
	UCFS10_04339
N. flagelliforme CCNUN1	mysA	mycosporine-2-(4-deoxygadusolyl-ornithine) (M-2DO)	[43]
	mysB
	mysC2
	mysC3
	mysD
Aphanothece halophytica	Ap3858-DDGS	mycosporine-2-glycine	[59]
	Ap3857-O-MT
	Ap3855-ATP-grasp
	Ap3856-CNligase
N. punctiforme ATCC 29133	NpR5600-mysA	mycosporine-2-glycine	[60]
	NpR5599-mysB	shinorine and porphyra-334
	NpR5598-mysC
	NpR5597-mysD

产物	菌株	最大吸收波长	产量	参考文献
4-Deoxygadusol	E. coli	268 nm	—	[57]
Mycosporine-glycine	N. punctiforme	310 nm	—	[68]
Shinorine	Synechocystis sp.	333 nm	2.37 mg/L	[68]
	E. coli		—	[57]
	C. glutamicum		19 mg/L	[69]
	S. cerevisiae		1.6 g/L	[70]
	P. putida		900 mg/L	[71]
	Y. lipolytica		207 mg/L	[72]
	A. mirum		—	[16]
	Streptomyces avermitilis		154 mg/L	[16]
	M. alcaliphilum		17.1 mg/L	[73]
Mycosporine-2-glycine	S. cerevisiae	332 nm	—	[70]
	E. coli		—	[56]
Porphyra-334	S. cerevisiae	334 nm	1.2 g/L	[70]
	Y. lipolytica		42 mg/L	[72]
	Nannochloropsis salina		25 mg/g	[74]
	S. avermitilis		7.2 mg/L	[16]
Mycosporine-ornithine	E. coli	310 nm	—	[30]
Mycosporine-lysine	E. coli	310 nm	—	[30]
Palythine	E. coli	320 nm	—	[56]

产物	菌株	最大吸收波长	产量	参考文献
4-Deoxygadusol	E. coli	268 nm	—	[57]
Mycosporine-glycine	N. punctiforme	310 nm	—	[68]
Shinorine	Synechocystis sp.	333 nm	2.37 mg/L	[68]
	E. coli		—	[57]
	C. glutamicum		19 mg/L	[69]
	S. cerevisiae		1.6 g/L	[70]
	P. putida		900 mg/L	[71]
	Y. lipolytica		207 mg/L	[72]
	A. mirum		—	[16]
	Streptomyces avermitilis		154 mg/L	[16]
	M. alcaliphilum		17.1 mg/L	[73]
Mycosporine-2-glycine	S. cerevisiae	332 nm	—	[70]
	E. coli		—	[56]
Porphyra-334	S. cerevisiae	334 nm	1.2 g/L	[70]
	Y. lipolytica		42 mg/L	[72]
	Nannochloropsis salina		25 mg/g	[74]
	S. avermitilis		7.2 mg/L	[16]
Mycosporine-ornithine	E. coli	310 nm	—	[30]
Mycosporine-lysine	E. coli	310 nm	—	[30]
Palythine	E. coli	320 nm	—	[56]

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防晒化合物类菌孢素氨基酸的生物合成

Research advances on the biosynthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids

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