Synthetic Biology Journal ›› 2023, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (2): 347-372.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2022-069

• Invited Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress in mosquito-borne flaviviruses transmission and the development of vaccines and drugs

Xi YU1, Jianying LIU2, Gong CHENG1,2   

  1. 1.Schoool of Medicine,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
    2.Shenzhen Bay Laboratory,Shenzhen 518132,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2022-12-06 Revised:2023-01-16 Online:2023-04-27 Published:2023-04-30
  • Contact: Gong CHENG

蚊媒黄病毒传播机制及疫苗与药物研发进展

余茜1, 刘建英2, 程功1,2   

  1. 1.清华大学医学院,北京 100084
    2.深圳湾实验室,广东 深圳 518132
  • 通讯作者: 程功
  • 作者简介:余茜(1994—),女,博士研究生。主要研究方向为蚊媒病毒的进化及其对病毒感染与传播能力的影响。E-mail:yuq16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
    程功(1981—),男,长聘教授,博士生导师。长期开展针对虫媒病毒等新再发病毒性传染病致病机理、感染传播机制与抗病毒免疫及疫苗研发等领域的研究。E-mail:gongcheng@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32188101);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2300200)

Abstract:

Mosquito-borne viruses transmit between hosts and mosquito carriers through mosquito biting, which cause hundreds of millions of infections each year. These viral infections result in serious human diseases such as hemorrhagic fever, biphasic fever, arthritis, encephalitis and meningitis, which can lead to death if proper treatment is not available. Most mosquito-borne viruses are RNA viruses, with the flavivirus family as the most prevalent ones, including dengue virus, Zika virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Although there are effective vaccines for a few mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as those for yellow fever virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, there are still no effective preventive vaccines and antiviral therapies for most mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the infection and transmission of mosquito-borne flaviviruses between vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes would provide insights for vaccine and drug development, enabling us to more effectively predict and control the transmission of mosquito-borne flavivirus and occurrence of the epidemics in the future, and providing solutions for addressing the public health threats posed by arboviruses. In this article, we firstly describe the biological and epidemiological characteristics of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, introduce the transmission routes and carrier models of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, and summarize the current research on the transmission and infection mechanisms of mosquito-borne flaviviruses between hosts and carriers. Furthermore, we highlight the development of novel vaccines and strategies for screening drugs to fight against mosquito-borne flaviviruses, providing an outlook for future research and development of vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Key words: mosquito-borne flavivirus, mosquito vector, infection and transmission, pathogenesis, vaccine and drug

摘要:

蚊媒病毒可通过蚊虫叮咬在宿主和蚊虫媒介之间传播循环。由蚊媒传播的病毒达数百种之多,每年可造成数亿人感染,这些病毒感染可引起严重的人类疾病,如出血热、关节炎、脑炎和脑膜炎等,严重者可导致死亡。蚊媒病毒大部分为RNA病毒,其中黄病毒科的蚊媒病毒流行最为广泛,包括登革病毒、寨卡病毒、黄热病毒、乙型脑炎病毒和西尼罗病毒等。目前虽然已有针对少数蚊媒黄病毒的有效疫苗,例如预防黄热病病毒和乙型脑炎病毒的疫苗,但仍然没有针对大多数蚊媒黄病毒的有效预防性疫苗和抗病毒疗法。因此,全面了解蚊媒黄病毒在脊椎动物宿主与蚊虫之间的感染与传播的机制,可能为抗蚊媒黄病毒的疫苗与药物研发提供新的思路与目标,从而使我们能够更有效地预测和控制蚊媒黄病毒在自然界传播和流行,为应对蚊媒黄病毒造成的公共卫生威胁提供新的解决方案。本文首先描述了蚊媒黄病毒的生物学特性和流行病学特性,接下来介绍了蚊媒黄病毒的传播途径与媒介模型,并进一步全面总结了目前对蚊媒黄病毒在宿主和媒介之间传播机制及病毒在蚊虫媒介中的感染机制的研究,同时针对蚊媒黄病毒的新型疫苗研发和药物筛选策略,对未来针对蚊媒黄病毒的机制研究与抗病毒策略开发进行了展望。

关键词: 蚊媒黄病毒, 蚊虫媒介, 感染与传播, 致病机制, 疫苗与药物

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