Progress in Biological Entity-Material Hybrid System for Low-Carbon Biosynthesis

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2024-073

Abstract

Abstract:

To promote the development of green bio-economy, low-carbon biosynthesis technologies based on biological entities such as industrial microorganisms or enzymes have demonstrated significant application potential in the utilization of low-carbon substrates. One-carbon raw feedstocks such as carbon dioxide and methane can be used as substrates for biosynthesis, which can effectively avoid the use of food-based raw materials such as sugar in the biomanufacturing process and slow greenhouse gas emissions, thus achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Currently, the bioconversion process of low-carbon substrates still faces issues including low energy utilization efficiency and conversion rate, which have emerged as some of the main bottlenecks restricting its wide application. A biological-material hybrid system can harness renewable energy such as light energy or electricity to facilitate biocatalytic reactions and the synthesis of target products, thereby offering novel opportunities for low-carbon biomanufacturing development. Research on biocompatible photosensitive materials such as semiconductor materials, dyes, and polymer materials, as well as the construction of microbial electrochemical systems, enable low-carbon bioconversion technology to break through the limitation of insufficient energy supply in endogenous metabolic processes, therefore they have wide application prospect and development potential. Based on the emerging technology of renewable energy-driven biological conversion of low-carbon substrates, this review first explores the relevant technologies and methods for capturing energy from sustainable energy through photocatalytic materials or electrode materials. Furthermore, combined with the application examples of light/electricity-driven biological entity-material hybrid systems in the synthesis of various chemicals under different materials and electron transfer mechanisms, the effects and latest research progress of hybrid systems on cellular energy supply, substrate conversion efficiency, and synthesis of energy-consuming products were deeply analyzed. Finally, the challenges faced by hybrid systems in the synthesis of low-carbon footprint chemicals, such as photogenerated electron-hole recombination and low electron transfer efficiency at the biological solid-material interface, are outlined, and feasible solutions and application prospects are proposed.

Key words: biological entity-material hybrid system, biocatalysis, low-carbon synthesis, renewable energy sources, supply of reducing power

摘要：

为推进绿色低碳生物经济发展，基于生物体（工业菌种或工业酶）的低碳生物合成技术由于在温室气体等低碳原料转化和利用中展现出的巨大应用潜力而广受关注。目前，低碳原料的生物转化过程仍面临能量利用效率低、转化速率慢等问题，这已成为制约其广泛应用的主要瓶颈之一。生物体与材料的杂化体系能够通过利用光能或电能等可再生能源驱动微生物细胞或工业酶将低碳原料转化为目标产物，这为低碳生物制造领域的发展提供了新的路径。本文基于可再生能源驱动生物体转化低碳原料的新兴技术，首先探讨了通过光催化材料或电极材料从可再生能源中捕获能量的相关技术进展。然后结合光/电驱动的生物体-材料杂化体系在转化温室气体原料合成各类化学品中的应用实例，深入分析了在不同材料和电子传递机制下，杂化体系对能量供给、底物转化和耗能产物合成等效率的影响作用和最新研究进展。最后，针对杂化体系在化学品低碳合成过程中遇到的挑战，展望了具有可行性的进一步解决方案及应用前景，为“双碳”目标的实现提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 生物体-材料杂化体系, 生物催化, 低碳合成, 可再生能源, 还原力供给

CLC Number:

Q819

Xinyi GUO, Shuqi GUO, Shuwei LI, Ziyue JIAO, Qiang FEI. Progress in Biological Entity-Material Hybrid System for Low-Carbon Biosynthesis[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-073.

郭心怡, 郭树奇, 李曙伟, 焦子悦, 费强. 基于生物体-材料杂化体系的低碳生物合成的研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2024-073.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Electron transport mechanism in light-driven material-enzyme hybrid system. (a) Direct electron transfer between cell and electrode; (b) Indirect electron transfer between cell and electrode. (Mox: oxidized mediator, Mred: reduced mediator)

Fig. 2 Material-microbial hybrid forms and corresponding electron transfer mechanisms in light-driven material-microbial hybrid systems. Materials are distributed outside the cell (a), adsorbed on the cell surface (b) or distributed inside the cell (c). (M: electron mediator)

Tab. 1 Chemicals synthesized by light-driven material-microbial hybrid system

产品种类	原料	产品	材料	菌种	产品产率	量子产率	参考文献
有机酸	CO₂	乙酸	CdS NPs	Moorella thermoacetica	0.1 mM/h	2.44 ± 0.62%	[25]
			CdS NPs	Clostridium autoethanogenum	12.1 mM	-	[37]
			AuNCs	Moorella thermoacetica	6.0 Mm/g/week	2.86 ± 0.38%	[28]
			PFP/PDI	Moorella thermoacetica	0.6 mM	1.6%	[33]
			MOF	Moorella thermoacetica	-	-	[38]
			CdS NPs	Sporomusa ovata	40.0 mM	16.8 ± 9%	[39]
	CO₂	L-苹果酸	CdS NPs	Escherichia coli	1.5 mol/mol	-	[40]
	葡萄糖	莽草酸	InP NPs	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	48.5mg/L	-	[41]
生物醇	CO₂	甲醇	poly(allylamine hydrochloride)	甲酸脱氢酶、甲醛脱氢酶、酵母醇脱氢酶	60.39 μM	-	[42]
			artificial thylakoid	甲酸脱氢酶、甲醛脱氢酶、酵母醇脱氢酶	99 Μm/h	0.66 ± 0.13%	[43]
			CdS-NPs	Clostridium ljungdahlii、 Acetobacterium woodii、 Moorella thermoacetica、 Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0.4 g/L	-	[44]
	CH₄	甲醇	BM-TiO₂	Methylosinus trichosporium	15761.0 μmol/g/h	-	[4]
萜类	TY培养基	法尼烯	meso-Al₂O₃	Escherichia coli	1816.0 mg/L	-	[30]
萜类	CO₂/葡萄糖	类胡萝卜素	Au NPs	Chlorella zofingiensis	10.7 mg/L	-	[45]
聚合物	CO₂/果糖	PHB	g-C₃N₄	Ralstonia eutropha	9.1 g/L	29.72% ± 5.53%	[36]
聚合物	CO₂/果糖	PHB	CdS NPs	Cupriavidus necator	0.6 mg/L	-	[46]

Fig. 3 Enzyme-electrode hybrid forms and corresponding electron transport mechanisms in electrically driven material-microbial hybrid system. (a) Direct electron transfer between cell and electrode; (b) Indirect electron transfer between cell and electrode. (Mox: oxidized mediator, Mred: reduced mediator)

Fig. 4 Microbe-electrode hybrid forms and corresponding electron transport mechanisms in electrically driven material-microbial hybrid system. (a) Direct electron transfer between cell and electrode; (b) Indirect electron transfer between cell and electrode. (Mox: oxidized mediator, Mred: reduced mediator)

Fig. 5 Spatially decoupled electrochemical-microbial systems enable low carbon biosynthesis.

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