合成生物学

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小分子生物农药及其生物合成研究进展

宋开南1, 张礼文1, 王超2, 田平芳3, 李广悦4, 潘国辉5, 徐玉泉1   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京 100081
    2.国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院,北京 100035
    3.北京化工大学生命科学与技术学院 100029
    4.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100081
    5.中国科学院微生物研究所 100101
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30 修回日期:2024-12-18 出版日期:2024-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 徐玉泉
  • 作者简介:宋开南(1996—),男,博士研究生。研究方向为真菌次级代谢产物的挖掘与生物合成研究。E-mail:s15850653283@126.com
    徐玉泉(1971—),男,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事发明新技术发现在临床和农业生产中有重要应用价值的微生物天然产物、阐明聚酮和非核糖体多肽天然产物生物合成和合成后修饰机制、利用合成生物学技术合成“非天然”聚酮化合物和非核糖体多肽的研究。E-mail:xuyuquan@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项项目“生物农药微生物细胞工厂的设计构建”(2023YFA0914700)

Advances in small-molecule biopesticides and their biosynthesis

Kainan SONG1, Liwen ZHANG1, Chao WANG2, Pingfang TIAN3, Guangyue LI4, Guohui PAN5, Yuquan XU1   

  1. 1.Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    2.Academy of State Administration of Grain,Beijing 100035,China
    3.College of Life Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China
    4.Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
    5.Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
  • Received:2024-10-30 Revised:2024-12-18 Online:2024-12-19
  • Contact: Yuquan XU

摘要:

利用对环境和非靶标生物友好的小分子生物农药防治病虫害,是一种可持续保障农作物安全生产的管理方法。然而,小分子生物农药的研发和应用也面临一些挑战,比如种类少、产量低等。通过合成生物学和代谢工程等方法,构建高产特定生物农药的微生物细胞工厂可以克服这些瓶颈问题。本文总结了2000年以来在我国新登记的小分子生物农药及部分半合成农药的化学结构与作用对象,并对代表性生物农药的生物合成机制与细胞工厂构建,如多杀霉素、白藜芦醇等进行了综述。对这些小分子生物农药的深入理解可为解析其生物合成途径与提高产量提供理论依据,并对新型生物农药的发现和应用提供借鉴。随着合成生物学与代谢工程等学科的不断发展,可以预见未来将设计和构建出更多高效、环保小分子生物农药的细胞工厂,并将其广泛应用于生产。

关键词: 小分子生物农药, 合成生物学, 生物合成, 微生物细胞工厂。

Abstract:

Small-molecule biopesticides, as opposed to chemically synthesized pesticides, exhibit enhanced degradability within the natural environment and exert a reduced adverse effect on non-target organisms and overall ecosystems. Consequently, the evolution of small-molecule biopesticides represents a pivotal shift for the pesticide industry towards more sustainable and environmentally benign practices, with their significance projected to escalate in the realm of agricultural production in the years ahead. Despite their potential, these pesticides are currently constrained by a limited variety and suboptimal production yields, primarily attributable to the intricate research and manufacturing processes that demand substantial time and resource investments. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways of the majority of these small molecules remain enigmatic, posing a significant challenge to their industrial application. However, the advent of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering offers promising solutions to these impediments. This progress is not merely instrumental in deepening our understanding of the intricate synthetic mechanisms of these bioactive compounds within biological systems, but it also paves the way for augmenting their production yields. By employing microbial cell factories, these technologies enable the efficient and targeted biosynthesis of specific biopesticides, thereby overcoming the limitations associated with traditional extraction and purification methods from natural sources. Microbial cell factories not only facilitate the cost-effective and environmentally friendly large-scale production of small-molecule biopesticides but also foster the innovation of novel biopesticide varieties. This review aims to summarize the small-molecule biopesticides and some semi-synthetic pesticides derived from natural products that have been registered in China from January 2000 to December 2024, including eight polyketides, twelve terpenes, four alkaloids, and five other small-molecule biopesticides. Depending on their specific uses in agricultural practices, they can be classified into insecticides, microbicide, plant growth regulators, and so on. Furthermore, this review provides a succinct overview of the representative biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding microbial cell factories that are pivotal to the production of these biopesticides. We expect that an in-depth understanding of the biosynthesis of small-molecule biopesticides will pave solid ways for further elucidation of biosynthesis pathways, yield improvement, and the discovery and application of novel biopesticides.

Key words: small-molecule biopesticides, synthetic biology, biosynthesis, microbial cell factory

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