植物源疫苗研究进展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029

合成生物学

• •

植物源疫苗研究进展

宋心雨¹, 潘炜松¹, 吴泰茹², 潘家豪², 吴川², 李伟展³

^1.湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院，湖南长沙 410125
^2.湖南诺合新生物科技有限公司，湖南长沙 410000
^3.中南大学冶金与环境学院，湖南长沙 410083
^4.香港教育大學，科學及環境學系，香港大埔香港新界大埔露屏路10号

收稿日期:2025-03-26 修回日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2025-06-12
通讯作者: 潘炜松
作者简介:宋心雨（2001——），女，硕士研究生。研究方向为水稻生物反应器遗传转化。E-mail：2171613731@qq.com
潘炜松（1981——），男，湖南农业大学副教授，硕导，研究工作主要集中于分子农业领域，包括创制具有人源化翻译后修饰系统的植物反应器，开发合成生物学相关的生物技术工具，利用遗传工程与合成生物学手段开发创新型植物产品。在环境—生物学交叉学科领域，综合运用分子生物学、反向遗传学、细胞力学等技术手段研究水稻重金属砷的吸收、转运与调控机理。E-mail：497609872@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31670955)

Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vaccines

SONG Xinyu¹, PAN Weisong¹, WU Tairu², PAN Jiahao², WU Chuan², Li Wai chin³

^1.School of Bioscience and Biotechnology，Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha，410125，Hunan，China
^2.Hunan Novomore Biotechnology Corporation，Changsha，410001，China
^3.School of Metallurgical and Environmental Engineering，Central South University，Changsha，410000，China
^4.Department of Science and Environmental Studies，The Education University of Hong Kong，999077，China

Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2025-06-09 Online:2025-06-12
Contact: PAN Weisong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在当今全球公共卫生领域，疫苗作为预防和控制传染病的关键手段，其研发和生产技术的创新备受瞩目。植物源疫苗作为一种新兴的疫苗生产技术，凭借其独特的优势逐渐崭露头角。与传统疫苗生产方式相比，植物源疫苗具有显著优势，在分子生物学技术的加持下，能够在较短时间内实现大规模生产，有效应对传染病的大规模爆发。本文首先介绍了植物源疫苗的基本概念，阐述了植物源疫苗的发展历程，同时对植物源疫苗的不同分类方法进行了系统梳理，此外还探讨了植物源疫苗的表达平台和表达体系，比较了不同平台和体系如稳定表达和瞬时表达体系的优缺点，总结了提高疫苗效力和安全性的策略和优化方法，系统探讨了国内外植物源疫苗的开发进展。本文所综述的研究成果对于推动我国植物源疫苗的发展具有重要的理论和实践意义，为我国科研人员和相关企业提供了信息和参考。综上所述，植物源疫苗作为一种具有巨大潜力的新兴疫苗技术，有望在未来的公共卫生事业中发挥更加重要的作用。

关键词: 植物源疫苗, 病毒样颗粒, 分子生物学, 免疫原性, 瞬时表达系统

Abstract:

Plant-derived vaccines are an innovative vaccine production technology that utilizes plants as bioreactors to express specific antigenic proteins within the plant system. This technology has shown tremendous potential and application prospects in the field of vaccines in recent years. Compared to traditional vaccine production methods, plant-derived vaccines have distinct advantages in terms of cost control, scalability, and safety. Firstly, the production cost of plant-derived vaccines is relatively low. This is due to the short growth cycle of plants, their strong reproductive capacity, and the lack of need for complex bioreactors or expensive culture media. This makes the large-scale production of vaccines more economical and efficient. Secondly, plant-derived vaccines are easy to scale up. Due to the renewable nature and rapid growth characteristics of plants, they can quickly respond to large-scale vaccine demands, which is particularly important in dealing with public health emergencies. In addition, there is no risk of contamination in the production process of plant-derived vaccines that is typically associated with traditional vaccine production. Plant cells possess inherent biosafety, which can effectively avoid contamination from animal-derived pathogens and endotoxins, thus ensuring the safety of the vaccine. Plants can perform post-translational modifications on foreign proteins, a characteristic that is conducive to the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are non-infectious particles that structurally resemble viruses; they can mimic the immunogenicity of viruses, stimulating the body to produce an immune response. But they do not have the ability to replicate, making them safer. This article first introduces the basic concept of plant-derived vaccines by using plants as vectors to express antigenic proteins. Then, the article emphasizes the important role of plant-derived vaccines in the field of global public health and epidemic prevention, especially in providing rapid, economical, and safe vaccines. The article then details the development history of plant-derived vaccines, from early exploration to modern commercial applications. At the same time, the article provides a comprehensive description of the different classifications, expression platforms, and expression systems of plant-derived vaccines, covering various technological pathways from genetically engineered plants to plant viral expression vectors. In terms of vaccine optimization and application, how did it increase the expression and immunogenicity of antigenic proteins through gene editing and protein engineering was analyzed, as well as how to enhance the efficacy and stability of vaccines through formulation and adjuvant optimization. Furthermore, current cases of developed plant-derived vaccines were analyzed, especially their application advantages in addressing human and animal diseases. These cases demonstrate the potential of plant-derived vaccines in rapidly responding to epidemics, reducing costs, and improving accessibility. Finally, the article discusses and summarizes the development progress of plant-derived vaccines domestically and internationally, providing references and insights for the research and application of plant-derived vaccines in our country. Through these analyses, the article aims to promote the development of plant-derived vaccine technology and contribute to global public health security.

Key words: plant-derived vaccines, virus-like particles, molecular biology, immunogenicity transient expression system

中图分类号:

Q812

宋心雨, 潘炜松, 吴泰茹, 潘家豪, 吴川, 李伟展. 植物源疫苗研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029.

SONG Xinyu, PAN Weisong, WU Tairu, PAN Jiahao, WU Chuan, Li Wai chin. Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vaccines[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2025-029.

图/表 7

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疫苗种类	目标抗原	受体植物	表达体系	参考文献
病毒疫苗	人乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）蛋白	番茄	稳定表达体系	[14]
	HIV中和人单克隆抗体2G 12	烟草	瞬时表达体系	[23]
	SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的受体结合结构域	烟草	瞬时表达体系	[17]
	人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗	本氏烟草	瞬时表达体系	[28]
	埃博拉病毒疫苗	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的亚单位疫苗	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[30]
	禽流感病毒血凝素	马铃薯	瞬时表达系统	[31]
	非洲猪瘟P30重组蛋白	本氏烟草	瞬时表达系统	[32]
	诺瓦病毒VLP	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	埃博拉病毒和西尼罗河病毒的治疗性单克隆抗体mAb	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	HPV疫苗	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[33]
	牛瘤病毒（BPV）病毒样颗粒	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[34]
	人源轮状病毒VP7蛋白	花生	稳定表达系统	[35]
	狂犬病病毒G蛋白	水稻	稳定表达系统	[36]
	猪瘟E2融合蛋白	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[37]
	癌胚抗原的单链Fv抗体	小麦	稳定表达系统	[22]
	日本脑炎病毒（JEV）包膜蛋白（E）	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[38]
	ErbB2酪氨酸激酶受体	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[16]
高尔基病	A-L-艾杜糖苷酶	玉米种子胚乳	稳定表达系统	[39]
细菌疫苗	LTB-ST	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[40]
	幽门螺旋杆菌ureB抗原	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[41]
寄生虫疫苗	抗轮虫保护性抗原As16	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[42]
	房尘螨（HDM）过敏源Der p 1	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[43]
	利什曼虫的前鞭毛体表面抗原（PSA）	本氏烟草	瞬时表达系统	[44]
阿尔茨海默	淀粉样β肽Aβ 42	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[45]

疫苗种类	目标抗原	受体植物	表达体系	参考文献
病毒疫苗	人乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）蛋白	番茄	稳定表达体系	[14]
	HIV中和人单克隆抗体2G 12	烟草	瞬时表达体系	[23]
	SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的受体结合结构域	烟草	瞬时表达体系	[17]
	人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗	本氏烟草	瞬时表达体系	[28]
	埃博拉病毒疫苗	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的亚单位疫苗	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[30]
	禽流感病毒血凝素	马铃薯	瞬时表达系统	[31]
	非洲猪瘟P30重组蛋白	本氏烟草	瞬时表达系统	[32]
	诺瓦病毒VLP	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	埃博拉病毒和西尼罗河病毒的治疗性单克隆抗体mAb	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[29]
	HPV疫苗	生菜	瞬时表达系统	[33]
	牛瘤病毒（BPV）病毒样颗粒	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[34]
	人源轮状病毒VP7蛋白	花生	稳定表达系统	[35]
	狂犬病病毒G蛋白	水稻	稳定表达系统	[36]
	猪瘟E2融合蛋白	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[37]
	癌胚抗原的单链Fv抗体	小麦	稳定表达系统	[22]
	日本脑炎病毒（JEV）包膜蛋白（E）	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[38]
	ErbB2酪氨酸激酶受体	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[16]
高尔基病	A-L-艾杜糖苷酶	玉米种子胚乳	稳定表达系统	[39]
细菌疫苗	LTB-ST	烟草	瞬时表达系统	[40]
	幽门螺旋杆菌ureB抗原	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[41]
寄生虫疫苗	抗轮虫保护性抗原As16	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[42]
	房尘螨（HDM）过敏源Der p 1	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[43]
	利什曼虫的前鞭毛体表面抗原（PSA）	本氏烟草	瞬时表达系统	[44]
阿尔茨海默	淀粉样β肽Aβ 42	水稻胚乳	稳定表达系统	[45]

抗原	表达系统	植物宿主	参考文献
Influenza A H5N1 HA	用质体蓝素表达载体瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[53-55]
HBsAg L protein	稳定的转基因植物	烟草Tobacco	[56, 57]
Dengue-3 capsid, prM/M and E	稳定的转质体叶绿体表达	莴苣Lettuce	[58]
HBsAg VLP displaying HIV-1 ENV and GAG epitopes	稳定的转基因植物	番茄tomato	[59]
HBsAg VLP displaying HIV-1 polyepitope	稳定的转基因植物	烟草Tobacco 拟南芥Arabidopsis	[60-62]
HBsAg VLP displaying HBV preS1 epitope	稳定的转基因植物	水稻Rice	[63]
HBsAg VLP displaying full- length GFP	用非病毒载体瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[64]
HIV-1Gag VLP displaying gp41	MagnICON“解构”病毒载体的瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[65]

抗原	表达系统	植物宿主	参考文献
Influenza A H5N1 HA	用质体蓝素表达载体瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[53-55]
HBsAg L protein	稳定的转基因植物	烟草Tobacco	[56, 57]
Dengue-3 capsid, prM/M and E	稳定的转质体叶绿体表达	莴苣Lettuce	[58]
HBsAg VLP displaying HIV-1 ENV and GAG epitopes	稳定的转基因植物	番茄tomato	[59]
HBsAg VLP displaying HIV-1 polyepitope	稳定的转基因植物	烟草Tobacco 拟南芥Arabidopsis	[60-62]
HBsAg VLP displaying HBV preS1 epitope	稳定的转基因植物	水稻Rice	[63]
HBsAg VLP displaying full- length GFP	用非病毒载体瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[64]
HIV-1Gag VLP displaying gp41	MagnICON“解构”病毒载体的瞬时表达	本氏烟草N. benthamiana	[65]

植物蛋白酶抑制剂PI	参考文献
半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PhyCys家族	[137]
丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族	[138, 139]
α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂家族	[140]
南瓜胰蛋白酶抑制剂家族	[141]
芥菜胰蛋白酶抑制剂家族	[136]
天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂家族	[142]
金属羧肽酶抑制剂家族	[143]
Bowman-Birk Ser蛋白酶抑制剂	[144]
烟草丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂II基因的胰蛋白酶（C1）和胰凝乳蛋白酶（T1）抑制域	[134]
水稻半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂oryzacystatin-I	[145]
番茄组织蛋白酶D抑制剂（SlCDI）	[146]
番茄半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂SlCYS 8	[147]
CaPR 4c	[148]
NbPot1	[149]
HsTIMP靶向基质金属蛋白酶	[150, 151]

植物源疫苗研究进展

Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vaccines

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抗原	表达系统	宿主	参考文献
猪O型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）抗原表位融合结构蛋白VP1	瞬时表达	本氏烟草	[46]
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）F蛋白	瞬时表达	本氏烟草	[47]
霍乱毒素B亚基（CTB）	瞬时表达	本氏烟草	[48]
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒刺突蛋白S1亚基抗原	瞬时表达	本氏烟草	[49]

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