从翻译后修饰角度解析人工合成途径与底盘细胞的适配性

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

揭示工程化设计的人工合成途径与底盘细胞整体代谢网络的交互作用及适配性机制是合成生物学研究的关键共性科学问题。细胞内酰基CoA是微生物合成生物活性物质如聚酮、芪类及黄酮类、生物碱、生物能源及生物材料等的前体，提高细胞内酰基CoA供应水平，能够促进微生物合成产率升高；酰基CoA也是蛋白质酰基化修饰的酰基基团供体，酰基CoA积累导致合成代谢途径相关酶的酰基化水平提高，抑制代谢酶催化活性及合成效率。本文从酰基CoA平衡及酰基化修饰的角度，重点阐述了酰基CoA双重效应（酰基化供体及代谢前体）的相互影响与平衡，随后通过红霉素、丁醇、赤松素的实例总结了翻译后修饰代谢工程在调节微生物合成途径各元件间、合成途径与底盘之间的适配性，促进产物合成方面的实际应用。

关键词: 翻译后修饰代谢工程, 酰基化修饰, 前体供应, 生物合成, 细胞工厂

Abstract:

The complexity of chassis cell influences the effectiveness of synthetic constructs and resource allocation. The effect of regulatory systems on the engineered biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms remains incompletely understood. Acyl-CoAs function as key precursors for the biosynthesis of various natural products as well as the dominant donors for protein acylation. Increasing supply of acyl-CoAs contributes to the increased yield, while oversupply also leads to an increase in the global acylation level thereby decreasing the biosynthesis of natural products. Here we provide an overview of the host-construct interactions in the view of the intricate balance of cellular concentrations for acyl-CoAs and the yields of acyl-CoAs-derived products. In particular, we highlight the application of post-translational modification metabolic engineering （PTM-ME) on the biosynthesis of erythromycin, butanol and pinosylvin biosynthesis via raising acyl-CoAs supply, and in the same time bypassing the feedback inhibition caused by acylation. In conclusion, the system-level understanding of PTM with proteins offers a conceptual and technological framework for creating new metabolic enzymes/pathways to optimize the optimal production of desired products.

Key words: PTM-ME, acylation, precursor supply, synthetic biology, cell factory

中图分类号:

尤迪, 叶邦策. 从翻译后修饰角度解析人工合成途径与底盘细胞的适配性[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(2): 212-225.

Di YOU, Bangce YE. Compatibility between synthetic pathway and chassis cells from the viewpoint of post-translational modifications[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(2): 212-225.

图/表 5

图1 底盘细胞对人工生物合成途径的影响（基因表达调控、前体及辅因子供应、酶活性调控和产物转运等）

Fig. 1 Effect of chassis cells on artificial biosynthesis pathways (gene expression regulation, precursor and cofactor supply, enzyme activity regulation, product transport, etc.)

图2 酰基CoA积累对合成代谢的双重效应

Fig. 2 Dual effects of acyl-CoA accumulation on anabolism

图3 翻译后修饰代谢工程策略原理示意图

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram for the PTM-ME strategy

图4 PTM-ME应用于红霉素的高效合成示意图

Fig. 4 Efficient synthesis of erythromycin with the PTM-ME strategy

图5 PTM-ME应用于赤松素的高效合成示意图

Fig. 5 Efficient synthesis of pinosylvine with the PTM-ME strategy

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