关键词: DNA信息存储, DNA合成, 信息编码, DNA纳米技术, 合成生物学

Abstract:

DNA information storage is a new storage technology that uses DNA molecules as data carriers. It encodes information by synthesizing DNA with a specific sequence and reads out data through sequencing technology. Compared with traditional magnetic, optical and electronic storage media, DNA storage has significant advantages in storage density, data retention time and energy efficiency, and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference. With the rapid increase in the total amount of global data, DNA storage has gradually become a research hotspot with its efficient storage capacity, potential low maintenance cost and easy-to-synthesize chemical properties. However, DNA storage technology is still in its early stages of development and there are still many technical bottlenecks to be overcome. For example, an important advantage of DNA storage is its ultra-high storage density and long-term stability. However, achieving this goal requires overcoming many technical challenges, such as reducing the synthesis error rate and improving the encoding efficiency. Understanding and mastering existing key technologies, such as DNA encoding, error correction technology, random access and DNA information encryption technology, will help identify and optimize the shortcomings, thereby promoting further innovation and development of the technology. Encoding strategy is one of the core aspects of DNA storage technology, directly determining data storage efficiency, reading accuracy, and error correction capability. To achieve efficient and stable DNA information storage, it is essential to develop more advanced encoding algorithms to enhance storage density, reduce synthesis and sequencing error rates, and ensure data accuracy and integrity. Moreover, the security of DNA information storage is becoming increasingly important, particularly in terms of data security and privacy protection. As a potential data carrier, DNA needs to address challenges related to data encryption, information hiding, and tamper resistance to ensure data confidentiality and integrity. Therefore, integrating modern cryptographic techniques with DNA storage to establish a secure and reliable information storage system has become a key research focus in this field.This article first introduces the basic process of DNA storage, and then reviews the key technologies involved in DNA information storage, especially the research progress of encoding strategies, error correction technology, random access and DNA information encryption. In addition, the current development status and main challenges of DNA storage technology were also discussed. For example, the scale of DNA data storage in the laboratory is small and the operation time is long, with a single synthesis operation time lasting about 24 hours. Moreover, most DNA storage steps rely on the participation of experimenters, making it difficult to automate the information storage and reading process. With the advancement of synthetic biology and encoding and decoding methods, we believe that these bottleneck problems will be solved in the near future, and promote the transformation of technology from the laboratory to practical applications, thereby promoting the industrialization process.

Key words: DNA information storage, DNA synthesis, information encoding, DNA nanotechnology, synthetic biology