合成微生物群落研究进展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

合成微生物群落属于合成生物学和微生物组学的交叉领域，是新兴的研究方向。合成微生物群落是人工合成的多个物种共培养的微生物体系，具有组成明确、可操控性高等特点，在研究微生物组的功能和生态机制方面有着明显的优势。本文将从以下几个方面介绍合成微生物群落的研究进展：①微生物群落生态学，包括微生物之间的相互作用、宿主和其他环境因素对群落结构的影响；②合成微生物群落的研究方法，围绕设计-构建-测试-学习循环；③合成微生物群落在多个领域的应用，包括人体疾病治疗、植物抗逆、工业生产、环境修复等多个领域。最后，提出了合成微生物群落领域有待解决的重要问题，包括如何构建可控和稳定的微生物互作网络、如何表征和控制微生物群落的空间结构以及如何精准地控制微生物群落的功能。

关键词: 合成微生物群落, 微生物组工程, 菌群相互作用, 微生物组学, 合成生物学

Abstract:

Synthetic microbial communities are an emerging research field at the intersection of synthetic biology and microbiome. A synthetic microbial community is created artificially by co-culturing of multiple species under a well-defined condition. Synthetic communities that retain the key features of their natural counterparts can act as a model system to study the ecology and function of microbial communities in a controlled way. This review covers important topics and research progress in synthetic microbial communities. We start with a summary of ecological factors that shape the structure of microbial communities, including interactions among microbes, host metabolism and immunity and environmental conditions. We then discuss the methods and experimental techniques in design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cycle, used to study synthetic microbial communities. In addition, we review the potential applications of synthetic microbiome in human health, agriculture, industrial production and environmental remediation. Finally, we summarize key scientific questions for future studies of synthetic microbial communities,including how to construct a controllable and stable microbial interaction network, how to characterize and manage the spatial structure of microbial communities, and how to accurately shape the function of microbial communities.

Key words: synthetic microbial community, microbiome engineering, microbial interactions, microbiome, synthetic biology

中图分类号:

Q938.1

曲泽鹏, 陈沫先, 曹朝辉, 左文龙, 陈业, 戴磊. 合成微生物群落研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(6): 621-634.

Zepeng QU, Moxian CHEN, Zhaohui CAO, Wenlong ZUO, Ye CHEN, Lei DAI. Research advances in synthetic microbial communities[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(6): 621-634.

图/表 2

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