合成生物学 ›› 2020, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (5): 503-515.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2020-013
王会1,2, 戴俊彪1,2, 罗周卿2
收稿日期:
2020-02-29
修回日期:
2020-04-19
出版日期:
2020-10-31
发布日期:
2020-12-03
通讯作者:
戴俊彪,罗周卿
作者简介:
王会(1993—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为合成生物学。E-mail:基金资助:
Hui WANG1,2, Junbiao DAI1,2, Zhouqing LUO2
Received:
2020-02-29
Revised:
2020-04-19
Online:
2020-10-31
Published:
2020-12-03
Contact:
Junbiao DAI,Zhouqing LUO
摘要:
基因组是生命系统的指令中枢,对基因组的研究是生命科学的核心内容,基因组研究相关技术的开发是深化对基因组序列和功能认识的重要推动力量。通过基因组测序获取基因组全序列,通过人工诱变、定点编辑研究基因组局部序列的功能与调控,通过对基因组的从头设计与化学再造实现对生命性状的定制,是基因组研究的三个不同层面。从一代测序到三代测序,基因组“读”技术极大地降低了成本和难度,提升了速度和精准度,引领着复杂基因组、大型基因组从草图走向完成图时代。通过人工诱变、定点编辑等技术可以改变野生型基因组的局部序列,研究基因组序列的功能与调控。从人工诱变到定点编辑,从ZFN到CRISPR,基因组“改”技术在效率、适用对象和简便性上有了显著的提高,为“基因型-表型”研究提供了有力工具,精准编辑、高通量编辑逐步走向应用。通过对基因组的从头设计与化学再造,书写人工基因组,可以获得对基因组全局的系统认识,实现对生命性状的定制。从病毒基因组合成、细菌基因组合成到酵母基因组合成,再到国际基因组写计划,基因组“写”技术在适用对象上不断拓展,人工设计、化学再造正成为复杂生物学问题研究和已有性状优化、新性状引入的一把利器。本文主要综述了基因组测序(读)、基因组编辑(改)和基因组合成(写)技术的发展历程、各自的特征、目前的研究进展及在基因组研究方面的一些应用,并对近期相关技术的可能突破点进行了总结和展望。“读-改-写”技术互为支撑,推动基因组研究在致知和致用领域两面开花。
中图分类号:
王会, 戴俊彪, 罗周卿. 基因组的“读-改-写”技术[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(5): 503-515.
Hui WANG, Junbiao DAI, Zhouqing LUO. Reading, editing, and writing techniques for genome research[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(5): 503-515.
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