大肠杆菌生产饲用氨基酸的研究进展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2021-042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着畜牧业的快速发展，人们对畜牧饲料蛋白的需求日益剧增。由于人们对食品安全意识的增强，迫切需要开发安全、高效、可持续动物饲料蛋白的供应途径。由于氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单元，所以在饲料中添加氨基酸可以替代饲料中的蛋白质，为动物细胞生长发育提供足够的营养。因此，饲用氨基酸作为动物饲料食品添加剂被广泛应用，具有广阔的市场应用前景。利用合成生物学技术，工程化改造大肠杆菌，构建的细胞工厂，以生物质为原料可绿色高效合成饲用氨基酸，而且其具有原料可再生、成本低廉、反应条件温和、环境污染小等优点，为解决动植物提取和化学炼制引起的环境污染问题提供了一种有效解决方案。本文针对饲用氨基酸（赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸和精氨酸）的生物合成途径，介绍了大肠杆菌合成饲用氨基酸的生产瓶颈，并从饲用氨基酸大肠杆菌细胞工厂的构建与优化，综述了利用合成生物学技术改造大肠杆菌细胞工厂合成饲用氨基酸的研究现状。提升饲用氨基酸的生产技术水平、提高大肠杆菌细胞的鲁棒性和增强大肠杆菌细胞对不利环境的耐受能力，可以提升饲用氨基酸发酵性能，简化发酵过程控制，降低饲用氨基酸的生产成本，是未来饲用氨基酸生产菌株工程化改造的方向。

关键词: 饲用氨基酸, 大肠杆菌, 微生物细胞工厂, 合成生物学, 代谢工程

Abstract:

With the rapid development of animal husbandry and fishery, it promotes the development of protein for animal feed. Due to the enhancement of people's safety awareness of food additives, there is an urgent need to enhance the supply of sustainable protein for use in animal feed. Because the protein is composed of amino acids, the feed amino acids can replace protein for animal feed, which can provide enough nutrition for the animal's growth. Thus, the feed amino acid is an important product that has attracted a great attention by investigators because of the widely uses in the fields of animal feed supplement and has broad market potential. Using synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategy, the metabolic pathway and regulatory network of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was designed, engineered, and reconstructed to obtain suitable E. coli cell factories.These factories provide a promising and sustainable alternative for the production of feed amino acid from renewable feedstock, and is attracting great attention as it is an economic and environmentally friendly bioprocessing. E. coli cell factories offer an alternative strategy to replace chemical refinery, animal and plant extraction, reducing the harm to the environment and dependence on natural resources. In the present review, we discussed the biosynthesis pathway of feed amino acid (lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, and arginine) in E. coli. According to the biosynthesis pathway of feed amino acid, the production bottlenecks of feed amino acid in E. coli cell factories were discussed. We also summarized recent studies about in the feed amino acid production from the constructed and optimized of E. coli cell factory. Furthermore, we proposed future research directions to improve the technical level of feed amino acid and enhance the robustness of E. coli cell factories for reducing the cost of bioproduction, simplifying downstream separation, and enhancing industrial productivity.

Key words: feed amino acid, Escherichia coli, microbial cell factories, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering

中图分类号:

郭亮, 高聪, 柳亚迪, 陈修来, 刘立明. 大肠杆菌生产饲用氨基酸的研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(6): 964-981.

Liang GUO, Cong GAO, Yadi LIU, Xiulai CHEN, Liming LIU. Advances in bioproduction of feed amino acid by Escherichia coli[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(6): 964-981.

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