植物天然农药除虫菊酯的生物合成和应用研究进展

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2021-068

合成生物学 ›› 2021, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (5): 751-763.DOI: 10.12211/2096-8280.2021-068

植物天然农药除虫菊酯的生物合成和应用研究进展

王凤姣^1,², 徐海洋³, 闫建斌¹, 李伟¹

^1.中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所，深圳市农业合成生物学重点实验室，广东深圳 518120
^2.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，湖北武汉 430071
^3.重庆大学生命科学学院，重庆 400044

收稿日期:2021-06-21 修回日期:2021-08-17 出版日期:2021-10-31 发布日期:2021-11-19
通讯作者: 闫建斌,李伟
作者简介:王凤姣（1995—），女，博士研究生。研究方向为药用植物代谢。E-mail：fjwang@webmail.hzau.edu.cn|闫建斌（1979—），男，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为植物分子生物学与合成生物学。E-mail：jianbinlab@caas.cn|李伟（1985—），男，研究员，博士生导师。研究方向为植物天然产物代谢。E-mail：liwei11@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“合成生物学”重点专项(2020YFA0907900);中国农业科学院科技创新工程;中国农业科学院青年英才计划

Biosynthesis and application of pyrethrins: a natural pesticide from plants

Fengjiao WANG^1,², Haiyang XU³, Jianbin YAN¹, Wei LI¹

^1.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology，Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shenzhen 518120，Guangdong，China
^2.College of Plant Science & Technology，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430071，Hubei，China
^3.School of Life Sciences，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China

Received:2021-06-21 Revised:2021-08-17 Online:2021-10-31 Published:2021-11-19
Contact: Jianbin YAN,Wei LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用生物底盘进行生物农药的绿色低耗能生产是合成生物学未来发展的重要方向。除虫菊酯是一种源自菊科植物除虫菊的天然高效杀虫剂，具有广谱和强力的杀虫和驱虫作用，相较于化学合成的类似物（拟除虫菊酯），对哺乳动物毒性小，无环境危害，是生物农药的最优选择之一，具有广阔的应用前景。天然除虫菊酯含有六种主要成分，由两种异型萜类酸配体和茉莉酸合成途径来源的三种醇配体缩合而成。本文总结了除虫菊酯的研究历程，重点介绍了其生物合成途径解析与生物制造等方面的进展，综述了近期解析的细胞色素P450等相关生物合成酶，并讨论除虫菊酯生产中涉及的调控、转运和底盘适配等尚待解决的问题。随着合成生物学技术的发展，利用已解析的代谢合成途径在微生物等底盘表达体系规模化生产除虫菊酯，能够为合成生物学生产绿色生物农药的科学理论与应用实践提供重要范例。

关键词: 合成生物学, 生物农药, 除虫菊酯, 合成途径, 异源表达

Abstract:

How to produce safe pesticides in chassis through energy-saving and environmentally friendly methods is one of challenges for synthetic biology. As a natural botanical insecticide, Pyrethrins derived from Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) have good insecticidal and deworming activities with broad spectrum. Compared with chemical synthetic counterparts (pyrethroids), pyrethrins are less toxic and harmful to environment and human. These characteristics make pyrethrins not only one of the most ideal biological pesticides so far with broad applications and great potentials, but also candidates for their production via synthetic biology in the future. In this article, we review the discovery and chemical and biological characteristics of pyrethrins as well as the elucidation of their biosynthetic pathway by summarizing the catalytic enzymes identified recently including cytochrome P450s, dehydrogenases, methyltransferase and phosphatase etc. The synthesis process is mainly involved three parts: the synthesis of acid moieties, the synthesis of alcohol moieties and the condensation of acids and alcohols to esters. At present, the synthesis of acid moieties has been largely deciphered, and genes encoding key enzymes for acid-alcohol condensation have also been determined, but the synthesis of alcohol moieties needs to be explored further. With the identification of a large number of gene elements and the function of related genes in the plants, the rise of synthetic biology and the progress of synthetic technology, it is possible to express heterologous genes in chassis, integrate the pathway of heterologous synthesis to produce targeted products. This also makes it possible to express the metabolic pathway for the production of pyrethrins and their derivatives in suitable microbial chassis. Therefore, this review also focuses on challenges that need to be addressed in this regard, including regulation, transportation and chassis adaptation for more efficient production, and forecasts future development. We hope that more research progress could provide a solid scientific basis and application guidance for the biosynthesis of the green and effective pesticide, and finally realize the large-scale production of pyrethrins.

Key words: synthetic biology, biopesticide, pyrethrins, biosynthetic pathway, exogenous expression

中图分类号:

王凤姣, 徐海洋, 闫建斌, 李伟. 植物天然农药除虫菊酯的生物合成和应用研究进展[J]. 合成生物学, 2021, 2(5): 751-763.

Fengjiao WANG, Haiyang XU, Jianbin YAN, Wei LI. Biosynthesis and application of pyrethrins: a natural pesticide from plants[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2021, 2(5): 751-763.

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