Abstract:

Protein functional materials have good biocompatibility, degradability and versatility, so they have great application values in the fields of medicine, military and textile. However, due to their unique characteristics of high molecular weight, high-frequency amino acids and special post-translation modifications, there are bottlenecks in its low expression rate in artificial cell synthesis, poor compatibility between functional elements and chassis cells, and unstable structure and efficacy, which seriously limit the efficient production and application of these proteins. Synthetic biology, as the third biotechnology revolution, has the advantages of renewable resources, low pollution, easy control and directional design of biological macromolecules. With the gradual excavation and analysis of the functional principles and novel design concepts of protein functional materials, and the development of alternative materials with excellent performance under specific conditions, it has brought revolutionary changes to human social life. It has been reported that such protein functional materials have great application value in cancer diagnosis and treatment, regenerative medicine, gene delivery system, data storage and so on. Although synthetic biology has broadened the range of potential applications of protein functional materials, there are still some limitations. This requires us to carry out research from two different perspectives, biology and materials science. On the one hand, we should establish a common technology platform to form a complete upper, middle and downstream research system. On the other hand, we should establish targeted research based on the characteristics of different protein materials to produce materials with better performance. This article introduces the application and development of protein functional materials. Taking the efficient protein synthesis and functional requirements as the guide, the synthesis strategy of protein functional materials are explained from the aspects of protein molecule orientation design, cell factory construction and adaptation control, and protein material processing applications, in order to realize their functional directional enhancement and industrial production. The limitations of synthetic biology oriented protein functional materials in biology and materials science are prospected, which lay a foundation for the wide application of protein functional materials with excellent properties.

Key words: synthetic biology, protein functional materials, high-frequency amino acids, adaptation regulation, assembly processing

摘要：

蛋白质功能材料具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性和多功能性，在医药、军事和纺织等领域应用价值巨大。然而，材料蛋白具有分子量大、高频氨基酸多和翻译后修饰特殊等独特性，导致其在人工细胞合成中存在表达率低、各功能元件与底盘细胞适配性差、结构及功效不稳定等瓶颈，严重限制了这些蛋白的高效生产与应用。掀起第三次生物技术革命的合成生物学技术，以“基因调控，工程设计”为核心，可用于产品的精准化设计与高效合成，实现人类对可持续发展工业模式的期待。本文介绍了蛋白质功能材料的应用及发展，以蛋白高效合成及功能需求为导向，从蛋白分子的定向设计、细胞工厂构建与适配调控以及蛋白材料加工应用等方面阐述蛋白质功能材料的合成策略，以实现其功能定向强化及工业化生产。目前以合成生物学的科学理念为指导，对生命体进行不断改造与优化，以实现细胞工厂定向合成蛋白，结合理性设计的材料模块，赋予蛋白质在生产过程的智能可控以及性能的更新升级是研究的热点。展望未来，讨论了蛋白质功能材料在面向产业应用过程中需要克服的挑战，为性能优异的蛋白质功能材料广泛应用提供可能。

关键词: 合成生物学, 蛋白质功能材料, 高频氨基酸, 适配调控, 装配加工