Advances in methanol bio-transformation

doi:10.12211/2096-8280.2020-017

Abstract

Abstract:

Methanol represents a promising feedstock due to its specific characteristics for storage and transport, which has been widely applied in chemical industry as raw material, intermediate and fuel. Methanol bio-transformation by microbes may further expand the methanol-based production of high quality fuels and various chemicals, which will drive clean utilization of inferior coal and natural gas. We here review recent advances in methanol-based bio-refinery. We first summarize current progress in methanol production through chemical and biological processes, which shows that the chemical process is now the main route for methanol supply. However, emerging technologies like methane oxidation (chemical or biological) and CO₂ hydrogenation may achieve a renewable, sustainable and clean route for methanol production. We then discuss the engineering of methylotrophs (bacterial and yeast) for producing a variety of chemicals from methanol (Top-Down approach), which indicates that improved genetic tools may further optimize these cell factories for industrial applications. We also summarize recent advances on engineering artificial methylotrophs in numerous model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bottom-Up approach). The advances in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution will facilitate the construction of robust microbial cell factories for methanol biotransformation, which will expand substrate resource for bio-refinery and the product portfolio of methanol.

Key words: methanol, bio-refinery, methylotrophic yeast, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering

摘要：

甲醇以其易储存和易运输等特性，成为极具应用潜力的原料。除了传统的基于合成气（CO，H₂，CO₂）和化学催化的甲醇合成，甲烷氧化（化学法和生物法）和CO₂加氢技术逐步成熟，特别是CO₂加氢技术将有望实现甲醇可持续洁净合成。甲醇生物转化有望进一步拓展现有甲醇转化路线，推动我国煤炭资源洁净利用以及CO₂利用。本文详细综述了国内外甲醇生物炼制研究进展：①以甲基营养型微生物，包括细菌和甲醇酵母，为宿主构建细胞工厂实现氨基酸以及平台化合物等合成；②在模式微生物中构建甲醇代谢途径实现甲醇利用与转化。通过天然/人工甲基营养型代谢途径相互借鉴，采用代谢工程与合成生物学策略，提高甲醇利用效率、底物与产物耐受能力，将推动甲醇生物转化、拓展生物炼制原料供应路线。

关键词: 甲醇, 生物炼制, 甲醇酵母, 合成生物学, 代谢工程

CLC Number:

Q815

Jiaoqi GAO, Yongjin ZHOU. Advances in methanol bio-transformation[J]. Synthetic Biology Journal, 2020, 1(2): 158-173.

高教琪, 周雍进. 甲醇生物转化的机遇与挑战[J]. 合成生物学, 2020, 1(2): 158-173.

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